In German, a relative clause is marked by relative pronoun, which agrees with their head noun in gender and number. However, relative clauses in Farsi are always introduced by using a conjunction “ke”. This difference could be Iranian and German learners when learning languages, German and Farsi to confront difficulties. The present study focuses on RELATIVISATION STRATEGIES based on typological analysis and tries to show how relative clauses use these STRATEGIES and where the place of Farsi and German in these categories is? The results of this study will demonstrate that German using relative pronoun strategy which is a kind of pronoun-retention STRATEGIES. However, the syntactic role of head noun in relative clause in Farsi is marked with various STRATEGIES, including gap strategy and personal pronoun strategy.

Nowadays, Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is considered as one of the common diseases of mankind. CRF threatens the well being and health of patients. One of the main stressors that the patients with CRF may experience is the continuous and permanent treatment with dialysis. Also, as the treatment takes time and is invasive, patients frequently lose their jobs. The main objective of this descriptive study was to evaluate the relation of coping STRATEGIES with psychological complications in hemodialysis patients. A total of fifty – five patients were randomly selected and the information was collected using a questionnaire and a standard from of  SCI90. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between coping methods of escape and depression, aloofness and aggression, pickiness nature, depression and sensitivity.(p< 0.05). Therefore, a significant correlation exists between psychological complications and coping methods.

The present research studied the (causal, contextual, and intervening) conditions, STRATEGIES, and consequences of violence in the lives of child wives in Chabahar city, conducted with a qualitative methodology based on grounded theory. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 child-married girls in Chabahar city who were selected through theoretical sampling and snowball method. The analysis of the data in the framework of the three-level open, axial and selective coding system showed that gendered inequality and discrimination, women's inferiority, men's value, the culture of silence and the culture of violence play a role in the experience of child-wives in terms of violence (causal conditions), which leads to a type of increased, double violence for them (core category); violence that operates within the framework of the family institution, the main mechanism of which are previous traditions and rules, and the perpetrators of which are men and women who were themselves the victims of the same traditions and rules that they have, now, internalized and used again against their daughters. This increased violence happens in a context where patriarchy is widespread (contextual conditions) and due to the generalized self-deprecation among child wives (intervening conditions), they may attempt to escape, get separated, threaten, and commit suicide (STRATEGIES), and these actions have consequences such as symbolic, physical, and sexual violence and even social isolation (consequences).

The study objective was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary starch content in fresh cow diets while maintaining NDF levels by substituting barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), or both with beet pulp (BP) on DMI, lactation performance, serum mineral and metabolites concentrations, liver enzymes and liver functionality index (LFI), serum insulin and revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI). Thirty-six multiparous cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets from calving to 21 days in lactation. Experimental diets were a high-starch diet with ground BG (CO; 24.9% starch; 0% BP) and 3 low-starch diets where BP substituted for either BG (BB; 19.6% starch; 7% BP), CS (BC; 20.6% starch; 12% BP) or CS and BG (BCB; 20.3% starch; 12% BP). Relative to CO cows (16.50 kg/d), DMI was greater for BC (17.70 kg/d) and BCB (17.50 kg/d) cows, but it was lesser in BB (15.60 kg/d) cows. Similar to DMI results, milk yields tended to be greater for BC (37.89 kg/d) and BCB cows (37.81 kg/d) compared to CO cows (35.41 kg/d), but BB cows (33.05 kg/d) tended to produce less milk than CO cows. Relative to CO, cows fed BB had lower serum glucose concentrations, whereas cows fed BC and BCB had higher serum glucose. Serum insulin concentrations were lower for BB cows than for other exprimental groups. Relative to CO, serum NEFA and BHB concentrations were lower for BC and BCB, but was similar between BB and CO. The RQUICKI was lower for CO, BC cows than BB cows, and cows in BCB tended to have less RQUICKI compared to BB during postpartum. The concentrations of gamma glutamyl transferase were lower in BC and BCB cows relative to CO and BB cows. The cows fed CO and BB had higher serum bilirubin relative to cows fed BC and BCB diets. Although, LFI for CO cows was similar to cows on BB, BC and BCB, BC cows had higher LFI than BB cows and tended to have greater LFI than CO cows. Overall, reducing dietary starch by replacing CS (BC) or a mix of CS and BG (BCB) with BP positively affected DMI and milk yield and indicated improved energy metabolism and liver function during the first 21 d of lactation compared to when BP was fed instead of BG to reduce starch (BB).

Objective: A precise understanding of adaptive capacity in rural communities allows for the implementation of STRATEGIES tailored to different climatic conditions and the capabilities of rural populations. These STRATEGIES help reduce drought-related damages and enhance livability. This study aims to identify the impact of adaptation capacity components on the livability of rural households in the face of drought. Method: A quantitative survey approach was used to collect and analyze data. The study employed a questionnaire as its primary data collection tool, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed using SmartPLS software to determine the impact of adaptive capacity factors on rural household livability under drought conditions. The target population were all rural farming households in Bavi County, Khuzestan Province and the Sample size was 347 household heads, selected using systematic sampling. Findings: The adaptation strategy matrix identified five key drought response measures used by farmers: 1. Changing planting schedules, 2. Modifying harvest times, 3. Using savings, 4. Bartering goods, 5. Engaging in non-agricultural activities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results confirmed that five key hypotheses including knowledge, utilization level, availability of resources and inputs, access to resources, and advisory services had a positive and significant impact on rural household livability during drought conditions. Conclusion: To enhance rural households' resilience to drought, the study recommends: Investing in knowledge and skill development for farmers, Recognizing the importance of agricultural extension services in smart decision-making, Improving access to resources, and Implementing effective adaptation STRATEGIES.

Historically, there is concept of terrorism in various communities and is a used appropriate to different situation. Definition of terrorism strongly depends on interests of powerful states and their approach towards it. In fact, terrorism is the title attributed to weaker individuals, groups and governments. Terrorist organizations concentrates on five goals:” regime change, region and land change, political change, social control and status quo” in accordance with their wishes. Also, several different STRATEGIES of terrorist organizations consist of erosion (Battle of requests), intimidation (terror rule), irritation (Fuse spur), oppressor (sabotage peace) and the highest suggestion (prejudiced against traitor) with regard to specific situation and position.

Persian relative construction which can be followed by a demonstrative has Det N RC word order. Persian relative clause is a post-nominal subordinate clause that is the most common type in the world. The relative clause has a complex structure which can illustrate the relationship between typology and generative grammar and develop a set of generalization that describes formal grammatical structures. Through a general survey of relative construction, the present study attempts to present the types and patterns of Persian relative clauses through data-based and theory-oriented approaches. This language-internal study also aims to find the range of possibilities which consists of (a) different STRATEGIES for the configuration of relative structure (raising analysis: movement of relative head noun from the relativized site to the Spec, CP which is coindexed with trace left behind by movement, or base generated analysis: head noun base generated in the Spec, DP which is coindexed with pronoun inside the relative clause), (b) presence of head (headed or head incorporated (free) relatives), hierarchical position of head (externally/internally headed relatives), linear order of head and RC (head-initial/final relatives), types of head (generic, specific, definite or indefinite noun) in restrictive and non-restrictive relatives, (c) position of Det with respect to N and RC, (d) position of RELATIVISATION occurance (subject, object, object of preposition… ), (e) presence or absence of resumptive pronoun, that is relative clause underlyingly contains a pronominal which may be filled by a gap, and (f) possibility of embedding relatives within DP.